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Filename : untangle.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python

"""
 untangle

 Converts xml to python objects.

 The only method you need to call is parse()

 Partially inspired by xml2obj
 (http://code.activestate.com/recipes/149368-xml2obj/)

 Author: Christian Stefanescu (http://0chris.com)
 License: MIT License - http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
import os
from xml.sax import make_parser, handler
try:
    from StringIO import StringIO
except ImportError:
    from io import StringIO
try:
    from types import StringTypes
    is_string = lambda x: isinstance(x, StringTypes)
except ImportError:
    is_string = lambda x: isinstance(x, str)

__version__ = '1.1.1'


class Element(object):
    """
    Representation of an XML element.
    """
    def __init__(self, name, attributes):
        self._name = name
        self._attributes = attributes
        self.children = []
        self.is_root = False
        self.cdata = ''

    def add_child(self, element):
        """
        Store child elements.
        """
        self.children.append(element)

    def add_cdata(self, cdata):
        """
        Store cdata
        """
        self.cdata = self.cdata + cdata

    def get_attribute(self, key):
        """
        Get attributes by key
        """
        return self._attributes.get(key)

    def get_elements(self, name=None):
        """
        Find a child element by name
        """
        if name:
            return [e for e in self.children if e._name == name]
        else:
            return self.children

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.get_attribute(key)

    def __getattr__(self, key):
        matching_children = [x for x in self.children if x._name == key]
        if matching_children:
            if len(matching_children) == 1:
                self.__dict__[key] = matching_children[0]
                return matching_children[0]
            else:
                self.__dict__[key] = matching_children
                return matching_children
        else:
            raise AttributeError(
                "'%s' has no attribute '%s'" % (self._name, key)
            )

    def __hasattribute__(self, name):
        if name in self.__dict__:
            return True
        return any(self.children, lambda x: x._name == name)

    def __iter__(self):
        yield self

    def __str__(self):
        return (
            "Element <%s> with attributes %s, children %s and cdata %s" %
            (self._name, self._attributes, self.children, self.cdata)
        )

    def __repr__(self):
        return (
            "Element(name = %s, attributes = %s, cdata = %s)" %
            (self._name, self._attributes, self.cdata)
        )

    def __nonzero__(self):
        return self.is_root or self._name is not None

    def __eq__(self, val):
        return self.cdata == val

    def __dir__(self):
        children_names = [x._name for x in self.children]
        return children_names

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.children)


class Handler(handler.ContentHandler):
    """
    SAX handler which creates the Python object structure out of ``Element``s
    """
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = Element(None, None)
        self.root.is_root = True
        self.elements = []

    def startElement(self, name, attributes):
        name = name.replace('-', '_')
        name = name.replace('.', '_')
        name = name.replace(':', '_')
        attrs = dict()
        for k, v in attributes.items():
            attrs[k] = v
        element = Element(name, attrs)
        if len(self.elements) > 0:
            self.elements[-1].add_child(element)
        else:
            self.root.add_child(element)
        self.elements.append(element)

    def endElement(self, name):
        self.elements.pop()

    def characters(self, cdata):
        self.elements[-1].add_cdata(cdata)


def parse(filename, **parser_features):
    """
    Interprets the given string as a filename, URL or XML data string,
    parses it and returns a Python object which represents the given
    document.

    Extra arguments to this function are treated as feature values to pass
    to ``parser.setFeature()``. For example, ``feature_external_ges=False``
    will set ``xml.sax.handler.feature_external_ges`` to False, disabling
    the parser's inclusion of external general (text) entities such as DTDs.

    Raises ``ValueError`` if the first argument is None / empty string.

    Raises ``AttributeError`` if a requested xml.sax feature is not found in
    ``xml.sax.handler``.

    Raises ``xml.sax.SAXParseException`` if something goes wrong
    during parsing.
    """
    if (filename is None or (is_string(filename) and filename.strip()) == ''):
        raise ValueError('parse() takes a filename, URL or XML string')
    parser = make_parser()
    for feature, value in parser_features.items():
        parser.setFeature(getattr(handler, feature), value)
    sax_handler = Handler()
    parser.setContentHandler(sax_handler)
    if is_string(filename) and (os.path.exists(filename) or is_url(filename)):
        parser.parse(filename)
    else:
        if hasattr(filename, 'read'):
            parser.parse(filename)
        else:
            parser.parse(StringIO(filename))

    return sax_handler.root


def is_url(string):
    """
    Checks if the given string starts with 'http(s)'.
    """
    try:
        return string.startswith('http://') or string.startswith('https://')
    except AttributeError:
        return False

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