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# GDB 'explore' command. # Copyright (C) 2012-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. """Implementation of the GDB 'explore' command using the GDB Python API.""" import gdb import sys if sys.version_info[0] > 2: # Python 3 renamed raw_input to input raw_input = input class Explorer(object): """Internal class which invokes other explorers.""" # This map is filled by the Explorer.init_env() function type_code_to_explorer_map = { } _SCALAR_TYPE_LIST = ( gdb.TYPE_CODE_CHAR, gdb.TYPE_CODE_INT, gdb.TYPE_CODE_BOOL, gdb.TYPE_CODE_FLT, gdb.TYPE_CODE_VOID, gdb.TYPE_CODE_ENUM, ) @staticmethod def guard_expr(expr): length = len(expr) guard = False if expr[0] == '(' and expr[length-1] == ')': pass else: i = 0 while i < length: c = expr[i] if (c == '_' or ('a' <= c and c <= 'z') or ('A' <= c and c <= 'Z') or ('0' <= c and c <= '9')): pass else: guard = True break i += 1 if guard: return "(" + expr + ")" else: return expr @staticmethod def explore_expr(expr, value, is_child): """Main function to explore an expression value. Arguments: expr: The expression string that is being explored. value: The gdb.Value value of the expression. is_child: Boolean value to indicate if the expression is a child. An expression is a child if it is derived from the main expression entered by the user. For example, if the user entered an expression which evaluates to a struct, then when exploring the fields of the struct, is_child is set to True internally. Returns: No return value. """ type_code = value.type.code if type_code in Explorer.type_code_to_explorer_map: explorer_class = Explorer.type_code_to_explorer_map[type_code] while explorer_class.explore_expr(expr, value, is_child): pass else: print ("Explorer for type '%s' not yet available.\n" % str(value.type)) @staticmethod def explore_type(name, datatype, is_child): """Main function to explore a data type. Arguments: name: The string representing the path to the data type being explored. datatype: The gdb.Type value of the data type being explored. is_child: Boolean value to indicate if the name is a child. A name is a child if it is derived from the main name entered by the user. For example, if the user entered the name of struct type, then when exploring the fields of the struct, is_child is set to True internally. Returns: No return value. """ type_code = datatype.code if type_code in Explorer.type_code_to_explorer_map: explorer_class = Explorer.type_code_to_explorer_map[type_code] while explorer_class.explore_type(name, datatype, is_child): pass else: print ("Explorer for type '%s' not yet available.\n" % str(datatype)) @staticmethod def init_env(): """Initializes the Explorer environment. This function should be invoked before starting any exploration. If invoked before an exploration, it need not be invoked for subsequent explorations. """ Explorer.type_code_to_explorer_map = { gdb.TYPE_CODE_CHAR : ScalarExplorer, gdb.TYPE_CODE_INT : ScalarExplorer, gdb.TYPE_CODE_BOOL : ScalarExplorer, gdb.TYPE_CODE_FLT : ScalarExplorer, gdb.TYPE_CODE_VOID : ScalarExplorer, gdb.TYPE_CODE_ENUM : ScalarExplorer, gdb.TYPE_CODE_STRUCT : CompoundExplorer, gdb.TYPE_CODE_UNION : CompoundExplorer, gdb.TYPE_CODE_PTR : PointerExplorer, gdb.TYPE_CODE_REF : ReferenceExplorer, gdb.TYPE_CODE_TYPEDEF : TypedefExplorer, gdb.TYPE_CODE_ARRAY : ArrayExplorer } @staticmethod def is_scalar_type(type): """Checks whether a type is a scalar type. A type is a scalar type of its type is gdb.TYPE_CODE_CHAR or gdb.TYPE_CODE_INT or gdb.TYPE_CODE_BOOL or gdb.TYPE_CODE_FLT or gdb.TYPE_CODE_VOID or gdb.TYPE_CODE_ENUM. Arguments: type: The type to be checked. Returns: 'True' if 'type' is a scalar type. 'False' otherwise. """ return type.code in Explorer._SCALAR_TYPE_LIST @staticmethod def return_to_parent_value(): """A utility function which prints that the current exploration session is returning to the parent value. Useful when exploring values. """ print ("\nReturning to parent value...\n") @staticmethod def return_to_parent_value_prompt(): """A utility function which prompts the user to press the 'enter' key so that the exploration session can shift back to the parent value. Useful when exploring values. """ raw_input("\nPress enter to return to parent value: ") @staticmethod def return_to_enclosing_type(): """A utility function which prints that the current exploration session is returning to the enclosing type. Useful when exploring types. """ print ("\nReturning to enclosing type...\n") @staticmethod def return_to_enclosing_type_prompt(): """A utility function which prompts the user to press the 'enter' key so that the exploration session can shift back to the enclosing type. Useful when exploring types. """ raw_input("\nPress enter to return to enclosing type: ") class ScalarExplorer(object): """Internal class used to explore scalar values.""" @staticmethod def explore_expr(expr, value, is_child): """Function to explore scalar values. See Explorer.explore_expr and Explorer.is_scalar_type for more information. """ print ("'%s' is a scalar value of type '%s'." % (expr, value.type)) print ("%s = %s" % (expr, str(value))) if is_child: Explorer.return_to_parent_value_prompt() Explorer.return_to_parent_value() return False @staticmethod def explore_type(name, datatype, is_child): """Function to explore scalar types. See Explorer.explore_type and Explorer.is_scalar_type for more information. """ if datatype.code == gdb.TYPE_CODE_ENUM: if is_child: print ("%s is of an enumerated type '%s'." % (name, str(datatype))) else: print ("'%s' is an enumerated type." % name) else: if is_child: print ("%s is of a scalar type '%s'." % (name, str(datatype))) else: print ("'%s' is a scalar type." % name) if is_child: Explorer.return_to_enclosing_type_prompt() Explorer.return_to_enclosing_type() return False class PointerExplorer(object): """Internal class used to explore pointer values.""" @staticmethod def explore_expr(expr, value, is_child): """Function to explore pointer values. See Explorer.explore_expr for more information. """ print ("'%s' is a pointer to a value of type '%s'" % (expr, str(value.type.target()))) option = raw_input("Continue exploring it as a pointer to a single " "value [y/n]: ") if option == "y": deref_value = None try: deref_value = value.dereference() str(deref_value) except gdb.MemoryError: print ("'%s' a pointer pointing to an invalid memory " "location." % expr) if is_child: Explorer.return_to_parent_value_prompt() return False Explorer.explore_expr("*%s" % Explorer.guard_expr(expr), deref_value, is_child) return False option = raw_input("Continue exploring it as a pointer to an " "array [y/n]: ") if option == "y": while True: index = 0 try: index = int(raw_input("Enter the index of the element you " "want to explore in '%s': " % expr)) except ValueError: break element_expr = "%s[%d]" % (Explorer.guard_expr(expr), index) element = value[index] try: str(element) except gdb.MemoryError: print ("Cannot read value at index %d." % index) continue Explorer.explore_expr(element_expr, element, True) return False if is_child: Explorer.return_to_parent_value() return False @staticmethod def explore_type(name, datatype, is_child): """Function to explore pointer types. See Explorer.explore_type for more information. """ target_type = datatype.target() print ("\n%s is a pointer to a value of type '%s'." % (name, str(target_type))) Explorer.explore_type("the pointee type of %s" % name, target_type, is_child) return False class ReferenceExplorer(object): """Internal class used to explore reference (TYPE_CODE_REF) values.""" @staticmethod def explore_expr(expr, value, is_child): """Function to explore array values. See Explorer.explore_expr for more information. """ referenced_value = value.referenced_value() Explorer.explore_expr(expr, referenced_value, is_child) return False @staticmethod def explore_type(name, datatype, is_child): """Function to explore pointer types. See Explorer.explore_type for more information. """ target_type = datatype.target() Explorer.explore_type(name, target_type, is_child) return False class ArrayExplorer(object): """Internal class used to explore arrays.""" @staticmethod def explore_expr(expr, value, is_child): """Function to explore array values. See Explorer.explore_expr for more information. """ target_type = value.type.target() print ("'%s' is an array of '%s'." % (expr, str(target_type))) index = 0 try: index = int(raw_input("Enter the index of the element you want to " "explore in '%s': " % expr)) except ValueError: if is_child: Explorer.return_to_parent_value() return False element = None try: element = value[index] str(element) except gdb.MemoryError: print ("Cannot read value at index %d." % index) raw_input("Press enter to continue... ") return True Explorer.explore_expr("%s[%d]" % (Explorer.guard_expr(expr), index), element, True) return True @staticmethod def explore_type(name, datatype, is_child): """Function to explore array types. See Explorer.explore_type for more information. """ target_type = datatype.target() print ("%s is an array of '%s'." % (name, str(target_type))) Explorer.explore_type("the array element of %s" % name, target_type, is_child) return False class CompoundExplorer(object): """Internal class used to explore struct, classes and unions.""" @staticmethod def _print_fields(print_list): """Internal function which prints the fields of a struct/class/union. """ max_field_name_length = 0 for pair in print_list: if max_field_name_length < len(pair[0]): max_field_name_length = len(pair[0]) for pair in print_list: print (" %*s = %s" % (max_field_name_length, pair[0], pair[1])) @staticmethod def _get_real_field_count(fields): real_field_count = 0; for field in fields: if not field.artificial: real_field_count = real_field_count + 1 return real_field_count @staticmethod def explore_expr(expr, value, is_child): """Function to explore structs/classes and union values. See Explorer.explore_expr for more information. """ datatype = value.type type_code = datatype.code fields = datatype.fields() if type_code == gdb.TYPE_CODE_STRUCT: type_desc = "struct/class" else: type_desc = "union" if CompoundExplorer._get_real_field_count(fields) == 0: print ("The value of '%s' is a %s of type '%s' with no fields." % (expr, type_desc, str(value.type))) if is_child: Explorer.return_to_parent_value_prompt() return False print ("The value of '%s' is a %s of type '%s' with the following " "fields:\n" % (expr, type_desc, str(value.type))) has_explorable_fields = False choice_to_compound_field_map = { } current_choice = 0 print_list = [ ] for field in fields: if field.artificial: continue field_full_name = Explorer.guard_expr(expr) + "." + field.name if field.is_base_class: field_value = value.cast(field.type) else: field_value = value[field.name] literal_value = "" if type_code == gdb.TYPE_CODE_UNION: literal_value = ("<Enter %d to explore this field of type " "'%s'>" % (current_choice, str(field.type))) has_explorable_fields = True else: if Explorer.is_scalar_type(field.type): literal_value = ("%s .. (Value of type '%s')" % (str(field_value), str(field.type))) else: if field.is_base_class: field_desc = "base class" else: field_desc = "field" literal_value = ("<Enter %d to explore this %s of type " "'%s'>" % (current_choice, field_desc, str(field.type))) has_explorable_fields = True choice_to_compound_field_map[str(current_choice)] = ( field_full_name, field_value) current_choice = current_choice + 1 print_list.append((field.name, literal_value)) CompoundExplorer._print_fields(print_list) print ("") if has_explorable_fields: choice = raw_input("Enter the field number of choice: ") if choice in choice_to_compound_field_map: Explorer.explore_expr(choice_to_compound_field_map[choice][0], choice_to_compound_field_map[choice][1], True) return True else: if is_child: Explorer.return_to_parent_value() else: if is_child: Explorer.return_to_parent_value_prompt() return False @staticmethod def explore_type(name, datatype, is_child): """Function to explore struct/class and union types. See Explorer.explore_type for more information. """ type_code = datatype.code type_desc = "" if type_code == gdb.TYPE_CODE_STRUCT: type_desc = "struct/class" else: type_desc = "union" fields = datatype.fields() if CompoundExplorer._get_real_field_count(fields) == 0: if is_child: print ("%s is a %s of type '%s' with no fields." % (name, type_desc, str(datatype))) Explorer.return_to_enclosing_type_prompt() else: print ("'%s' is a %s with no fields." % (name, type_desc)) return False if is_child: print ("%s is a %s of type '%s' " "with the following fields:\n" % (name, type_desc, str(datatype))) else: print ("'%s' is a %s with the following " "fields:\n" % (name, type_desc)) has_explorable_fields = False current_choice = 0 choice_to_compound_field_map = { } print_list = [ ] for field in fields: if field.artificial: continue if field.is_base_class: field_desc = "base class" else: field_desc = "field" rhs = ("<Enter %d to explore this %s of type '%s'>" % (current_choice, field_desc, str(field.type))) print_list.append((field.name, rhs)) choice_to_compound_field_map[str(current_choice)] = ( field.name, field.type, field_desc) current_choice = current_choice + 1 CompoundExplorer._print_fields(print_list) print ("") if len(choice_to_compound_field_map) > 0: choice = raw_input("Enter the field number of choice: ") if choice in choice_to_compound_field_map: if is_child: new_name = ("%s '%s' of %s" % (choice_to_compound_field_map[choice][2], choice_to_compound_field_map[choice][0], name)) else: new_name = ("%s '%s' of '%s'" % (choice_to_compound_field_map[choice][2], choice_to_compound_field_map[choice][0], name)) Explorer.explore_type(new_name, choice_to_compound_field_map[choice][1], True) return True else: if is_child: Explorer.return_to_enclosing_type() else: if is_child: Explorer.return_to_enclosing_type_prompt() return False class TypedefExplorer(object): """Internal class used to explore values whose type is a typedef.""" @staticmethod def explore_expr(expr, value, is_child): """Function to explore typedef values. See Explorer.explore_expr for more information. """ actual_type = value.type.strip_typedefs() print ("The value of '%s' is of type '%s' " "which is a typedef of type '%s'" % (expr, str(value.type), str(actual_type))) Explorer.explore_expr(expr, value.cast(actual_type), is_child) return False @staticmethod def explore_type(name, datatype, is_child): """Function to explore typedef types. See Explorer.explore_type for more information. """ actual_type = datatype.strip_typedefs() if is_child: print ("The type of %s is a typedef of type '%s'." % (name, str(actual_type))) else: print ("The type '%s' is a typedef of type '%s'." % (name, str(actual_type))) Explorer.explore_type(name, actual_type, is_child) return False class ExploreUtils(object): """Internal class which provides utilities for the main command classes.""" @staticmethod def check_args(name, arg_str): """Utility to check if adequate number of arguments are passed to an explore command. Arguments: name: The name of the explore command. arg_str: The argument string passed to the explore command. Returns: True if adequate arguments are passed, false otherwise. Raises: gdb.GdbError if adequate arguments are not passed. """ if len(arg_str) < 1: raise gdb.GdbError("ERROR: '%s' requires an argument." % name) return False else: return True @staticmethod def get_type_from_str(type_str): """A utility function to deduce the gdb.Type value from a string representing the type. Arguments: type_str: The type string from which the gdb.Type value should be deduced. Returns: The deduced gdb.Type value if possible, None otherwise. """ try: # Assume the current language to be C/C++ and make a try. return gdb.parse_and_eval("(%s *)0" % type_str).type.target() except RuntimeError: # If assumption of current language to be C/C++ was wrong, then # lookup the type using the API. try: return gdb.lookup_type(type_str) except RuntimeError: return None @staticmethod def get_value_from_str(value_str): """A utility function to deduce the gdb.Value value from a string representing the value. Arguments: value_str: The value string from which the gdb.Value value should be deduced. Returns: The deduced gdb.Value value if possible, None otherwise. """ try: return gdb.parse_and_eval(value_str) except RuntimeError: return None class ExploreCommand(gdb.Command): """Explore a value or a type valid in the current context. Usage: explore ARG - ARG is either a valid expression or a type name. - At any stage of exploration, hit the return key (instead of a choice, if any) to return to the enclosing type or value. """ def __init__(self): super(ExploreCommand, self).__init__(name = "explore", command_class = gdb.COMMAND_DATA, prefix = True) def invoke(self, arg_str, from_tty): if ExploreUtils.check_args("explore", arg_str) == False: return # Check if it is a value value = ExploreUtils.get_value_from_str(arg_str) if value is not None: Explorer.explore_expr(arg_str, value, False) return # If it is not a value, check if it is a type datatype = ExploreUtils.get_type_from_str(arg_str) if datatype is not None: Explorer.explore_type(arg_str, datatype, False) return # If it is neither a value nor a type, raise an error. raise gdb.GdbError( ("'%s' neither evaluates to a value nor is a type " "in the current context." % arg_str)) class ExploreValueCommand(gdb.Command): """Explore value of an expression valid in the current context. Usage: explore value ARG - ARG is a valid expression. - At any stage of exploration, hit the return key (instead of a choice, if any) to return to the enclosing value. """ def __init__(self): super(ExploreValueCommand, self).__init__( name = "explore value", command_class = gdb.COMMAND_DATA) def invoke(self, arg_str, from_tty): if ExploreUtils.check_args("explore value", arg_str) == False: return value = ExploreUtils.get_value_from_str(arg_str) if value is None: raise gdb.GdbError( (" '%s' does not evaluate to a value in the current " "context." % arg_str)) return Explorer.explore_expr(arg_str, value, False) class ExploreTypeCommand(gdb.Command): """Explore a type or the type of an expression valid in the current context. Usage: explore type ARG - ARG is a valid expression or a type name. - At any stage of exploration, hit the return key (instead of a choice, if any) to return to the enclosing type. """ def __init__(self): super(ExploreTypeCommand, self).__init__( name = "explore type", command_class = gdb.COMMAND_DATA) def invoke(self, arg_str, from_tty): if ExploreUtils.check_args("explore type", arg_str) == False: return datatype = ExploreUtils.get_type_from_str(arg_str) if datatype is not None: Explorer.explore_type(arg_str, datatype, False) return value = ExploreUtils.get_value_from_str(arg_str) if value is not None: print ("'%s' is of type '%s'." % (arg_str, str(value.type))) Explorer.explore_type(str(value.type), value.type, False) return raise gdb.GdbError(("'%s' is not a type or value in the current " "context." % arg_str)) Explorer.init_env() ExploreCommand() ExploreValueCommand() ExploreTypeCommand()